one dataset · paper, tables, graph, wiki
simgrammar the grammar of simulation

parts

18 mechanics, as Cities: Skylines II does them

core · 3

agents & behavior

Agent pathfinding

Citizens compare driving, transit, and walking with a cost combining time, comfort, money, and personal preference.

logistics & networks

Traffic congestion

Vehicles spread across lanes, parking fees enter route cost, and accident checks run per road segment.

space & construction

Zoning

Residential, commercial, industrial, and office zones along roads, with signature buildings unlocked at milestones.

supporting · 15

space & construction

Building placement

environment & ecology

Day-night cycle

Each day and night cycle equals one simulated month.

economy & finance

Land value

Signature buildings and services change land value in their zone.

progression & goals

Milestone unlocks

Milestones grant development points and map tiles, from 9 starting tiles up to 441.

multiplayer & persistence

Modding API

Paradox Mods since 2024-03-25; mods can override game code.

resources & production

Power grid

Generation, a connected grid, and batteries; solar output varies with weather and time of day and wind with wind strength.

logistics & networks

Public transit lines

risk & failure

Random disasters

Floods, forest fires, and tornadoes, mitigated by disaster response services.

environment & ecology

Seasons

Each map has a preset climate; winters bring snow.

logistics & networks

Service coverage

economy & finance

Taxation

Tax rates, fees, and ordinances fund the city.

progression & goals

Tech tree

Development points are spent in a tree to unlock transport options and services.

logistics & networks

Travel mode choice

Citizens compare driving, transit, and walking using a cost of time, comfort, money, and personal behavior, and parking fees enter the driving cost.

environment & ecology

Weather

Weather and seasons affect solar and wind output and climate conditions.

core loop

zone and draw roads -> citizens choose homes, jobs, and routes by cost, time, and comfort -> taxes and fees fund services -> milestones grant development points and map tiles -> unlock transport and services -> expand

design notes

Route choice is a weighted cost over time, comfort, money, and behavior, so parking fees, transit fares, and lane choice shift where agents go, and the first game's cap of about 65,000 rendered citizens is replaced by a hardware limit. One in-game day and night stands for a month, so daily traffic rhythms and seasonal climate run on different scales. The launch drew criticism for performance and its economy simulation, console versions were delayed indefinitely in 2024, and development moved from Colossal Order to Iceflake Studios after a November 2025 announcement.

appears in

the paper, 2 sections · 3 chapters
paper

5. The structure of the design space

linked in this section of the paper

paper
paper

Appendix A. Game catalog

linked in this section of the paper

paper
catalog

The catalog

listed with its year, developer, subgenre, and number of mechanics

book
ch 7

Chapter 7. What shipped

named in the text

book
ch 10

Chapter 10. Bets

linked from the text

book
ch 12

Chapter 12. Keeping score

linked from the text

book

relations

1 stored edges
influenced by

sources

3
Wikipedia contributors (2026). Cities: Skylines II. Wikipedia
Colossal Order, Paradox Interactive (2023-06-26). Cities: Skylines II Feature Highlight #2: Traffic AI. Paradox Interactive
Paradox Interactive (2023). Cities: Skylines II features: Electricity and Water. paradoxinteractive.com

provenance

runs in log/runs
2026-10-24
created2026-10-24-catalog-gacatalog
2026-10-24
reviewed2026-10-24-review-fixesmaintenance