one dataset · paper, tables, graph, wiki
simgrammar the grammar of simulation

parts

9 mechanics, as Microsoft Flight Simulator (2020) does them

core · 3

physics & materials

Flight aerodynamics

The physics engine computes forces over more than 1,000 control surfaces and models wind flowing over terrain; a legacy flight model option remains.

world generation

Real-world data feeds

The whole Earth is built from Bing Maps imagery updated every 28 days and AI-generated 3D content streamed from more than two petabytes in the cloud, while Meteoblue live weather and live air traffic feed the sim at runtime.

environment & ecology

Weather

Meteoblue live global weather sets clouds, wind, and precipitation in real time, and wind interacts with the terrain model.

supporting · 6

environment & ecology

Day-night cycle

control & automation

Embodied skill control

multiplayer & persistence

Modding API

An in-game marketplace and third-party aircraft and airports extend the sim.

operation & procedure

Procedural checklists

progression & goals

Scenario objectives

watch

1 short with this record on screen
Short 6: The one AI technique that's normal, opening frameplay · 0:40
rendered · short-06.mp4 · drawn from the dataset

short 6 0:40

The one AI technique that's normal

transcript

Of the AI techniques in our dataset, exactly one has become normal in games, and it never touches the simulation.

It's neural rendering: upscaling, and frames predicted between the ones the game drew. More than 250 titles support multi-frame generation, and Flight Simulator has frame generation too [1] [2].

A generated frame sits between two real ones, and the simulation never knows. Saves, replays, and multiplayer stay exactly as they were.

The models that would replace the game world itself are still prototypes. Google's Project Genie, built on Genie 3, caps each world at sixty seconds to save compute [3].

also on the pages for

core loop

pick aircraft, airport, and time -> preflight and start up -> take off into live or set weather -> navigate and hand-fly or use autopilot -> approach and land -> pick the next flight

design notes

The world is data rather than authored terrain: Bing Maps imagery refreshed every 28 days, Blackshark.ai photogrammetry, and Azure AI 3D generation streamed from more than two petabytes, with Meteoblue weather and real air traffic fed in live. The flight model simulates over 1,000 control surfaces and wind over terrain, and a legacy model is kept as an option. No mechanic in the taxonomy covers simulation state driven by real-world data feeds (proposed as real-world-data-feeds).

appears in

the paper, 2 sections · 1 chapter · 2 episodes · 1 short
paper

5. The structure of the design space

linked in this section of the paper

paper
paper

Appendix A. Game catalog

linked in this section of the paper

paper
catalog

The catalog

listed with its year, developer, subgenre, and number of mechanics

book
ch 7

Chapter 7. What shipped

named in the text

book
ep 6

What AI shipped

on screen at 1:41 the one that's normal, 2:28 places, objects, and motion

episode
ep 7

Where AI lands

on screen at 3:51 the most exposed mechanics

episode
short 6

The one AI technique that's normal

0:40 · on screen in the short

short

sources

1
Wikipedia contributors (2026). Microsoft Flight Simulator (2020 video game). Wikipedia

provenance

runs in log/runs
2026-10-24
created2026-10-24-catalog-gfcatalog
2026-10-24
reviewed2026-10-24-review-fixesmaintenance