one dataset · paper, tables, graph, wiki
simgrammar the grammar of simulation

parts

17 mechanics, as Hearts of Iron IV does them

core · 4

control & automation

Delegation to AI managers

The player draws front lines and offensive arrows for armies under generals, and the AI moves divisions to carry out the battle plan; divisions can also be ordered directly.

space & construction

Modular assembly

Division templates combine battalions (infantry, tanks, cavalry, motorized, mechanized) and support companies, and the mix sets combat statistics and equipment needs; tank, ship, and plane designers added by DLC apply the same idea to equipment.

logistics & networks

Supply lines

Supply hubs connect to the capital by railway, with hub capacity set by railway level and limited by the weakest link; supply falls off per province from the hub, and divisions at 35% supply or less suffer attrition and combat penalties.

progression & goals

Tech tree

Research runs in parallel slots, and each country has a national focus tree in which one focus at a time is completed for bonuses such as extra factories or events; at launch only Germany, the UK, the USSR, and the US had unique trees.

supporting · 13

social relations

Faction diplomacy

Countries join factions and guarantee others; world tension from 0 to 100 gates what democracies can do.

information & legibility

Fog of war

multiplayer & persistence

Modding API

Script files define focus trees, events, and units; total conversions such as Kaiserreich rebuild the scenario.

governance & policy

Policy toggles

Mobilization, conscription, and trade laws and ministers are bought with political power.

governance & policy

Political capital

Political power accrues over time and is spent on laws such as mobilization, conscription, and trade, on ministers, and on decisions.

resources & production

Production chains

Military factories turn strategic resources into equipment on production lines, dockyards build ships, and civilian factories build infrastructure and handle trade.

governance & policy

Stability and unrest

Ideology popularity among democratic, communist, fascist, and non-aligned groups shifts the government and can end in civil war.

conflict & defense

Statistical combat resolution

Divisions fight in hourly combat rounds comparing attacks against defense or breakthrough, draining organization and strength under terrain, weather, and supply modifiers.

conflict & defense

Territorial control

States are core or non-core, armies occupy enemy states during war, and peace conferences transfer ownership.

narrative & generation

Triggered event chains

conflict & defense

War score and peace terms

When a country capitulates, winners take turns spending peace conference points on annexation, puppets, and other demands.

environment & ecology

Weather

Sea and air regions have weather that affects operations.

core loop

pick national focuses and spend political power -> assign civilian factories to construction and military factories to equipment -> design and train divisions -> draw fronts and battle plans -> divisions fight on supply, terrain, and weather -> capitulate rivals or hold

design notes

HOI4 separates the industrial war from the field war: civilian factories build capacity and military factories turn resources into equipment, so divisions fight only as well as stockpiles and supply allow. Battle plans let the player act at army-group scale and leave division movement to the AI. National focus trees are the authored branching layer that steers countries toward historical or alternate paths, while battles resolve from unit statistics (proposal stat-combat-resolution).

appears in

the paper, 2 sections · 1 chapter
paper

5. The structure of the design space

linked in this section of the paper

paper
paper

Appendix A. Game catalog

linked in this section of the paper

paper
catalog

The catalog

listed with its year, developer, subgenre, and number of mechanics

book
ch 4

Chapter 4. Families

named in the text

book

sources

2
Wikipedia contributors (2026). Hearts of Iron IV. Wikipedia
Hearts of Iron IV Wiki contributors (2026). Supply. Hearts of Iron IV Wiki (Paradox Wikis)

provenance

runs in log/runs
2026-10-24
created2026-10-24-catalog-gicatalog
2026-10-25
reviewed2026-10-25-contributor-readinessmaintenance