one dataset · paper, tables, graph, wiki
simgrammar the grammar of simulation

parts

16 mechanics, as Kingdoms and Castles does them

core · 2

conflict & defense

Raid defense

Vikings kidnap peasants, steal resources, and burn the town; dragons torch granaries; ogres attack; soldiers and archer towers defend.

environment & ecology

Seasons

An annual winter destroys crops, so food must be stored in granaries to prevent starvation.

supporting · 14

space & construction

Building placement

governance & policy

Citizen satisfaction

Happiness from layout, churches, taverns, and festivals.

environment & ecology

Contagion

Plagues spread and must be healed.

resources & production

Crop cultivation

social relations

Faction diplomacy

Diplomats make trade agreements, alliances, and wars with AI kingdoms.

environment & ecology

Fire spread

population & lineage

Immigration by attractiveness

Happiness and housing attract new residents.

space & construction

Modular assembly

Castle blocks stack into walls and towers whose shape forms automatically; taller archer towers have longer range.

world generation

Procedural terrain

risk & failure

Random disasters

Lightning starts fires.

resources & production

Renewable regrowth

Foresters cut and replant trees.

resources & production

Storage and buffers

economy & finance

Taxation

Peasant taxes pay workers and unlock buildings.

core loop

place a keep and houses on an island -> peasants farm, cut wood, and quarry -> store food for the annual winter -> tax peasants to pay workers and unlock buildings -> stack castle blocks into walls and towers -> repel vikings, dragons, and ogres

design notes

Kingdoms and Castles pairs a light town economy with a block-built castle: walls and towers form from how blocks are stacked, and taller archer towers reach farther, so defense is shaped geometry rather than a building menu. Each villager and resource is individually simulated, and an annual winter that destroys crops sets a regular survival check. Raiders kidnap peasants and burn buildings, and a dragon targets granaries, linking defense to food security.

appears in

the paper, 2 sections
paper

5. The structure of the design space

linked in this section of the paper

paper
paper

Appendix A. Game catalog

linked in this section of the paper

paper
catalog

The catalog

listed with its year, developer, subgenre, and number of mechanics

book

sources

2
Wikipedia contributors (2026). Kingdoms and Castles. Wikipedia
Lion Shield (2026). Kingdoms and Castles on Steam. Steam

provenance

runs in log/runs
2026-10-24
created2026-10-24-catalog-gacatalog
2026-10-24
reviewed2026-10-24-review-fixesmaintenance