one dataset · paper, tables, graph, wiki
simgrammar the grammar of simulation

definition

Owns an awareness, brand, or hype stock per business, product, or venue and the rule that maps it onto customer traffic. Each period paid campaigns add to the stock with diminishing returns, and the stock decays toward a baseline when spending stops; its current level multiplies arrivals, the share of customers who consider the offering, or launch sales. Lemonade Stand (1973) reduces it to a daily input with no carryover: advertising signs bought before the day resolves raise sales alongside price and the weather. Two Point Hospital has assistants run marketing campaigns that bring in more patients. Capitalism and Game Dev Tycoon use advertising or marketing spend to build brand or pre-release hype. It differs from customer-value-choice, which owns how a customer who is already present chooses among offerings by price and value; this mechanic owns how many customers show up or consider the offering at all.

player experience

Buying customers. The player decides how much to spend before the demand exists, watches arrivals rise and fall with each campaign, and learns that awareness fades: a store or game the market has forgotten needs fresh spending, while a strong brand lets prices rise.

design levers

  • cost per campaign unit and campaign duration
  • decay rate of awareness after spending stops
  • saturation curve, or diminishing returns per unit spent
  • targeting by customer segment, product, or condition
  • whether awareness raises arrivals, conversion, or willingness to pay
  • whether advertising can sell a poor product or only amplifies quality

failure modes

  • Linear returns make maximum advertising always correct and remove the decision.
  • Effects too small to see in the statistics teach players to skip advertising entirely.
  • Without decay, one early campaign buys permanent demand.
  • Advertising that overrides quality lets poor products sell and undermines the product-quality systems.

dynamics

  • Advertising raises traffic and revenue that fund more advertising, a reinforcing loop limited by saturation.
  • Pre-release hype front-loads sales, so campaign timing and release timing couple.
  • Extra arrivals load service capacity, so a campaign can create queues that lower satisfaction.

open questions

  • Could simulated customers with stated tastes respond to generated ad copy, making campaign content rather than only spend a lever?
  • Which decay and saturation curves keep advertising a recurring decision instead of a one-time setting?

ratings

12 from named runs; stored scores are their lower median
legibility3
legibility4

Spending raises arrivals and fading campaigns lower them, an intuitive causal loop. Saturation, targeting and quality interactions bring occasional surprises, excluding glance-level transparency (5), while the basic stock does not demand deliberate study (3).

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emergence potential2
emergence potential4

Traffic changes revenue, service queues and satisfaction, with revenue funding more campaigns. These are cross-system consequence chains beyond isolated unplanned situations (3), but advertising is not a primary story engine wherever used (5).

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authoring cost1
authoring cost2

Campaign costs, durations, segment effects and decay curves fit small tables. They exceed rule-only variety (1), without bespoke authored campaign content being necessary per variant (3).

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compute cost1
compute cost1

Updating a few awareness stocks and demand multipliers is negligible at typical business or product scale. Customer simulation is downstream, so its linear agent cost does not justify charging this mechanic level 2.

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tuning difficulty3
tuning difficulty4

Return curves can create self-funding maximum-spend strategies or overpower product quality. That sensitivity exceeds stable playtesting of interacting parameters (3); saturation and decay provide tractable controls rather than permanently chaotic balance (5).

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ai leverage3
ai leverage2

AI can optimize targeting and campaign curves, providing incremental tuning assistance beyond little change (1). The spend-stock-arrivals rule is unchanged, so notable new variety or cost reduction at level 3 is unsupported.

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appears in

the paper, 2 sections
paper

4. A grammar of simulation games

linked in this section of the paper

paper
paper

5. The structure of the design space

linked in this section of the paper

paper
glossary

Glossary of mechanics

listed under economy & finance, with its summary

book

claims

2 with sources
c01medium

Lemonade Stand's daily inputs are glasses made, advertising signs, and price per glass, set against a weather report.

src-wikipedia-lemonade-stand

c02medium

In Two Point Hospital assistants run marketing.

src-wikipedia-two-point-hospital

sources

2
Wikipedia contributors (2026). Lemonade Stand. Wikipedia
Wikipedia contributors (2026). Two Point Hospital. Wikipedia

provenance

runs in log/runs
2026-10-24
created2026-10-24-taxonomy-triage-ataxonomy
2026-10-29
reviewed2026-10-29-shreyko-antim-rate-scores-19verification