one dataset · paper, tables, graph, wiki
simgrammar the grammar of simulation

parts

8 mechanics, as Tamagotchi does them

core · 4

biology & health

Creature care

Care actions are meal, snack, game, scold, clean, and medicine; meals are limited by fullness while snacks are not, and excess snacks cause sickness.

population & lineage

Lifecycle and aging

Baby, Child, Teenager, Adult, and Special stages (plus Senior in some models) each last a set number of days, with age advancing on waking; old age eventually ends its life.

agents & behavior

Needs decay

Hunger and Happy meters, shown as hearts, deplete over real time and are refilled by meals, snacks, and the minigame.

time & pacing

Real-time clock

The pet lives on the device clock set at hatching and sleeps nightly; time keeps passing between check-ins.

supporting · 4

information & legibility

Alerts feed

The device beeps and shows an attention icon when the pet needs care or calls for discipline.

biology & health

Care-dependent development

Care quality during each life stage, such as unanswered calls, overfeeding snacks, and uncleaned droppings, selects the next form, so the same egg can grow into different adult characters.

environment & ecology

Day-night cycle

A nightly sleep period suspends care demands and marks age increments.

risk & failure

Permadeath

Poor care, sickness, or old age kills the pet; the A and C buttons start a new egg.

core loop

pet calls for attention -> feed a meal or snack, play, scold, clean, or give medicine -> meters and care history accumulate -> pet ages after each sleep -> care history selects its next form -> it lives on or dies

design notes

Aki Maita and Akihiro Yokoi reduced a pet to three meters (Hunger, Happy, Training) plus droppings and sickness on a three-button LCD device that runs continuously; early units could pause only through the clock settings. Meals fill Hunger, snacks and a minigame raise Happy but excess snacks cause illness, scolding when the pet calls for attention fills Training, and uncleaned droppings lead to sickness shown by a skull. Each life stage lasts a set number of days and age advances when the pet wakes, and care quality selects the adult character, turning care history into a visible outcome (proposed as care-dependent-development).

appears in

the paper, 2 sections · 4 chapters
paper

5. The structure of the design space

linked in this section of the paper

paper
paper

Appendix A. Game catalog

linked in this section of the paper

paper
catalog

The catalog

listed with its year, developer, subgenre, and number of mechanics

book
ch 1

Chapter 1. Same parts

linked from the text

book
ch 2

Chapter 2. Six layers

linked from the text

book
ch 4

Chapter 4. Families

linked from the text

book
ch 6

Chapter 6. Five ceilings

linked from the text

book

sources

1
Wikipedia contributors (2026). Tamagotchi. Wikipedia

provenance

runs in log/runs
2026-10-24
created2026-10-24-catalog-gccatalog