one dataset · paper, tables, graph, wiki
simgrammar the grammar of simulation

parts

5 mechanics, as The Oregon Trail does them

core · 3

risk & failure

Random disasters

Each round closes with one or two random events and weather, such as storms, wagon breakdowns, snakebites, or attacks, that cost supplies or health.

biology & health

Survival meters

Food, clothing, and medical supplies are stocks drawn down each round at a player-chosen consumption rate; low food, cold without clothing, and untreated illness kill the traveler.

time & pacing

Turn structure

The trip is a sequence of two-week rounds with fixed phases: stop at a fort or not, hunt or not, set consumption, then travel and resolve events.

supporting · 2

risk & failure

Permadeath

Dead party members are gone; the 1985 version leaves a tombstone with an epitaph.

environment & ecology

Weather

Weather each round affects travel and illness.

core loop

buy supplies at the outset and at forts -> choose food consumption and pace each leg -> random events, weather, and illness hit the party -> hunt for food and cross rivers -> reach Oregon or die on the trail

design notes

Three student teachers wrote it in two weeks for a Minneapolis classroom, where it debuted on 3 December 1971; MECC distributed it on its time-sharing network from 1975 and on the Apple II from 1980. The 1971 model is a few stocks (food, bullets, clothing, supplies, cash) spent over about twelve two-week rounds, with one or two random events and weather drawn each round and typed hunting that rewards speed. The 1985 graphical version added adjustable pace and rations, river crossings by fording, caulking, or ferry, a party of five, professions that set difficulty and score, and tombstones left by earlier players.

appears in

the paper, 4 sections · 3 chapters · 2 episodes
paper

1. Introduction

linked in this section of the paper

paper
paper

3. The catalog

linked in this section of the paper

paper
paper

5. The structure of the design space

linked in this section of the paper

paper
paper

Appendix A. Game catalog

linked in this section of the paper

paper
catalog

The catalog

listed with its year, developer, subgenre, and number of mechanics

book
ch 1

Chapter 1. Same parts

linked from the text

book
ch 3

Chapter 3. Old parts

linked from the text

book
ch 4

Chapter 4. Families

linked from the text

book
ep 2

Where the parts came from

on screen at 6:09 parts that waited

episode
ep 3

Families across genres

on screen at 6:47 limits

episode

sources

2
Wikipedia contributors (2026). The Oregon Trail (1971 video game). Wikipedia
Wikipedia contributors (2026). The Oregon Trail (1985 video game). Wikipedia

provenance

runs in log/runs
2026-10-24
created2026-10-24-catalog-gbcatalog